The selection of cutting fluid for CNC machines is made based on the material being machined, the type of operation, and the cutting conditions. Correct selection extends tool life, improves surface quality, and ensures process stability.
Key criteria influencing cutting fluid selection:
1. Material being machined
- Materials such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum, or cast iron require different lubrication and EP (extreme pressure) needs.
- EP-additive oils are preferred for difficult-to-machine materials.
2. Machining operation
- Operations like turning, milling, drilling, or thread cutting create different cooling/lubrication demands.
- High viscosity and EP-additive oils are used for heavy material removal.
3. Cutting speed and temperature
- Good cooling properties are paramount at high speeds.
- Lubrication capability is more important at low speed + high pressure.
4. Fluid type selection
- Emulsion (water-based): Good cooling, general CNC operations
- Fully synthetic: Clean operation, high cooling
- Semi-synthetic: Balance (lubrication + cooling)
- Neat cutting oil: Heavy and difficult operations, high lubrication
5. Desired material surface quality
- Better lubrication properties are needed if a smoother surface is desired.
6. Machine and system compatibility
- Filtration system, pump capacity, and nozzles affect oil selection.
7. Environmental and operator safety
- Odor, smoke, biostability, and environmental compatibility should also be considered.
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