Industrial metal cleaners work by dissolving or separating oil, grease, dirt, oxides, and processing residues from metal surfaces through chemical and physical interactions. The main goal is to make the surface clean, dry, and suitable for subsequent processes (painting, coating, assembly).
1. Dissolution (Solvation) Mechanism
- Especially observed in solvent-based cleaners
- Dissolves organic dirt such as oil and grease at a molecular level
- Dirt separates from the surface and disperses in the liquid
Example: Cleaning of CNC oil and industrial grease
2. Emulsification (Suspension of Oils in Water)
- Common in alkaline or water-based cleaners
- Breaks oil into small droplets, making it transportable in water
- Removed from the surface by rinsing
3. Reduction of Surface Tension
- Occurs due to surfactants in the cleaner
- Adhesion of dirt to the metal surface is weakened
- Cleaning becomes easier and faster
4. Cleaning by Chemical Reaction
- Rust and oxide layers are chemically dissolved
- Acidic or alkaline cleaners are used
- For example, rust removers dissolve iron oxide
5. Mechanical Auxiliary Effect
- Spray pressure, brushing, or ultrasonic vibration provide support
- Facilitates the physical separation of dirt from the surface
6. Evaporation (in Solvent-Based Products)
- Solvent quickly evaporates after cleaning
- Ensures drying without leaving residue on the surface
- Especially important in fast production lines
7. Wetting and Penetration
- Cleaning liquid enters between the dirt particles
- Penetrates micro-cracks and pores
- Facilitates the detachment of dirt from the surface
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