1. Material Selection
- Stainless steel: 304 or 316 grade stainless steel is preferred, especially in acidic or saline waters.
- Plastic pipes: Materials like PVC, CPVC, or HDPE are more corrosion-resistant than metal pipes.
- Coated pipes: Epoxy or polyethylene coating prevents direct contact of metal with water.
2. pH Control
- Water reacts with metals at very low pH (acidic) or very high pH (basic).
- Target pH: Usually between 6.5–8.5.
- pH can be controlled with automatic dosing systems.
3. Corrosion Inhibitors
- Chemicals are added to the water to form a thin protective layer on the metal surface.
-
Examples:
- Phosphates (zinc or sodium phosphate)
- Silicates
- Increasing alkalinity with carbonate or bicarbonate
4. Dissolved Oxygen Control
- Oxygen causes metal to rust.
-
Precautions:
- Deoxygenation with vacuum or inert gas
- Chemical oxygen scavengers (e.g., sodium bisulfate, hydroquinone)
5. Chlorine and Chemical Control
- High chlorine and other oxidizers accelerate corrosion.
- Recommendation: Use the minimum effective dosage and deactivate if not necessary.
6. Temperature Control
- Hot water or high-temperature processes accelerate corrosion.
- Minimize temperature increases and thermal cycles in system design.
7. Regular Cleaning and Maintenance
- Deposits and precipitating minerals create corrosion points.
- Recommendation: Periodically clean and flush filters, membranes, and pipes.
8. Prevention of Galvanic Corrosion
- Direct contact of different metals leads to galvanic corrosion.
- Solution: Use isolation flanges or same metal types.
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