1. Purpose of Boiler Water Treatment
Boiler water treatment is performed to prevent problems such as scaling, sludge accumulation, corrosion, and foaming in boilers. The aim is to both maintain energy efficiency and extend boiler life.
2. Boiler Water Treatment Chemicals
A. Scale and Sludge Inhibitors (Anti-Scale & Anti-Fouling)
- Sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄): Prevents precipitation of calcium and magnesium salts, reduces sludge formation.
- Polyphosphates: Prevents minerals from dissolving and scaling.
- Organic inhibitors (phosphonates): Reduces scaling by forming a film on the heat transfer surface.
B. Corrosion Inhibitors
- Amines (cyclic amines, diethanolamine, hydroxyethylamine): Protect metal surfaces from corrosion in boiler water and steam lines.
- Phosphates: Both prevent scaling and form a protective layer on metal surfaces.
- Sodium nitrite: Prevents oxidative corrosion in iron and steel boilers (typically in low-pressure boilers).
C. Oxygen Scavengers
- Hydrazine (N₂H₄): Reduces dissolved oxygen, preventing corrosion.
- Sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃): Binds oxygen, preventing metal surface rust.
- Carbon monoxide or organic oxygen scavengers: Used as alternatives in some systems.
D. pH Adjusters
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or Potassium hydroxide (KOH): Keeps boiler water alkaline, reducing corrosion.
- Target pH: Typically between 9–11 (varies by pressure and boiler type).
E. Antifoams
- Silicone-based or polyalkylene polymers: Prevents foam formation in the boiler, preventing carryover.
3. Boiler Water Treatment Principles
- Continuous monitoring: pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and hardness measurement.
- Automatic dosing: Chemicals delivered in correct amounts and at the right time.
- Chemical compatibility: Different chemicals should not neutralize each other.
- Boiler type and pressure compatibility: In high-pressure boilers, the use of some chemicals (e.g., hydrazine) may be limited.
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